The LIBOR rate-setting scandal of 2012-2013 illustrated weaknesses inherent in LIBOR and similar benchmarks such as the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR” - the analogous benchmark rate for interbank lending in Euros) and the Shanghai Interbank Offer Rate (“SHIBOR” - the analogous...

Investment Decision Analysis using NPV and or the Mean-Variance Model has become the primary method of investment evaluation. However, these approaches are deeply flawed and are very sensitive to the time horizon, the signs of the periodic cash flows, and discount rates that exceed 100% or are...

The optimal amount of property/land title insurance coverage under both the Torrens and Recording systems remains controversial and this article introduces decision models and shows that the optimal title insurance evolves as market and property-specific conditions change. The models can also be...

Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) and American Depository Receipts (ADRs) have remained mainstays of International Finance, and enable foreign companies (and especially Emerging Markets companies) to access larger and or more liquid capital markets mainly in larger and more-developed countries...

While Nwogugu (2021d) analyzed many of the problems inherent in US, Asian and European SPACs (special purpose acquisition companies), this article critiques (and explains the problems and Behavioral-Biases inherent in) ESG Finance (ESG Investing and UN/SDG Investing), SME Finance, Emerging...

The “Sharing Economy” and the advent of digital currencies can be attributed to significant and rising consumer debt, inequality, low savings rates, internet penetration and the perceived inefficiencies of regulation. During 2005-2017, the “Sharing Economy” (which includes Airbnb; Apple;...

This article develops “existence” properties and associated proofs for the equations x^2+y^2+z^2+v^2=dXYZV; x^2+y^2+z^2+v^2+u^2=dXYZVU, x^2+y^2+z^2+v^2+u^2+X^2+Y^2+Z^2+V^2+U^2=dXYZVU and x^i+y^i+z^i+v^i =dXYZV (i is a positive integer), and x│X (ie. X is a multiple of x), y│Y, z│Z and...

Some properties of following two groups of equations are developed in this article: 1) x^2+y^2+z^2+v^2=dXYZ, x^i+y^i+z^i +v^i= dXYZ (where i is an integer), x^2+y^2+z^2= gXYZ and x^2+y^2+z^2+v^2+u^2=dXYZ, x^3+y^3+z^3=dXYZ, and x^6+y^6+z^6=dXYZ, x^3+y^3+z^3+x^6+y^6+z^6=dXYZ,...

At the present time and in most developed countries, Complex Corporate Instruments (“CCIs”) and Climate Finance Instruments (CFI) are regulated by a myriad of laws at the local, state and federal levels. This introduces or can cause conflicts, greater transaction costs, and opportunities for...