We study the headquarters location of U.S. firms with an initial public offering (IPO) over the period 2001-2011. Specifically, we examine IPO intensity, defined as IPOs in a state scaled by state population. We find that IPO intensity is positively related to various measures of education. We...

We show competition between underwriters even when fees are clustered. We study accelerated seasoned equity offerings (SEOs), which are now the predominant form of public SEO in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. Underwriters compete by establishing capacity sufficient to allow them to maintain close...

This study examines how the decisions that issuers and their investment banks make about IPO pricing are affected by the value of deals in registration, measured at the aggregate, industry and bank level both as of the filing date and the offering date (in order to identify changes in the IPO...

Form S-1 is the first SEC filing in the initial public offering (IPO) process. The tone of the S-1, in terms of its definitiveness in characterizing the firm's business strategy and operations, should affect investors' ability to value the IPO. We find that IPOs with high levels of uncertain...

During 1980-2000, an average of 310 companies per year went public in the U.S. Since the technology bubble burst in 2000, the average has been only 99 initial public offerings (IPOs) per year, with the drop especially precipitous among small firms. Many have blamed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002...

Despite high levels of asymmetry of information, firms that issue SEOs within a year of their IPO (follow-on SEOs) are able to offer shares at a lower discount compared to more mature firms. We provide evidence that this seeming contradiction can be explained by a very high degree of demand for...

This study analyzes the IPOs of the firms that are eventually included in one of the three well-known indices: the S&P 400, the S&P 500, or the S&P 600 Indices. The determinants of each IPO firm's odds of inclusion into a particular index are estimated. Other offer related characteristics of...

Between 1999 and 2007, WR Hambrecht completed 19 IPOs in the U.S. using an auction mechanism. We analyze investor behavior and mechanism performance in these auctioned IPOs using detailed bidding data. The existence of some bids posted at high prices suggests that some investors (mostly retail)...