We propose a genuinely internal approach to project valuation and decision based on the average Return On Investment (ROI), obtained as the ratio of total operating profit (NOPAT) to total invested capital or, equivalently, as the ratio of net cash flow to total invested capital. The approach...

The average internal rate of return (AIRR), introduced by Magni (2010), fixes many deficiencies associated with the traditional internal rate of return (IRR), including apparent inconsistency with net present value (NPV). The AIRR approach breaks down project NPV into scale (the capital...

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation model for appraising an investment in a solar photovoltaic plant which encompasses both operational and financial management. We illustrate the intricate network of logical relations among technical (estimated) variables and financial (decision)...

In this paper we introduce uncertainty in the investment appraisal, managed through a new criterion called Average Internal Rate of Return (AIRR), introduced in Magni (2010). The consistency of the arithmetic of variables represented with intervals or fuzzy numbers makes it possible to apply the...

Accounting measures are traditionally matched against economic measures. For example, accounting rates of return (ARR) are usually considered poor surrogates of the “economic rate of return” and the residual income is sometimes criticized as being periodically inconsistent with the net...

We present a model of performance measurement and attribution for delegated investments that summarizes the manager effect and the client effect on value creation. In particular, we introduce an innovative two-dimensional approach that, on one hand, detects the (manager and client) decision...

This paper generalizes Makeham's formula, allowing for varying interest rates and for a non-flat structure of valuation rates. An average interest rate (AIR) is introduced, as well as an average valuation rate (AVR), which exist and are unique for any asset. They can be computed either as...

In investment appraisal, uncertainty can be managed through intervals or fuzzy numbers because the arithmetical properties and the extension principle are well established and can be successfully applied in a rigorous way. We apply interval and fuzzy numbers to the Average Internal Rate of...

A residual-income model, named Systemic Value Added (SVA), is proposed for decision-making purposes, based on a systemic approach introduced in Magni (2000, 2003, 2004). The model translates the notion of residual income (excess profit) giving formal expression to a counterfactual alternative...