More than 170 years ago, Frédéric Bastiat noted in his masterly work Economic Sophisms that the “opposition to free trade rests upon errors, or, if you prefer, upon half-truths.”1 Ever since Adam Smith successfully replaced mercantilist orthodoxy with free trade doctrine in his celebrated...

This paper traces the rise of export-led growth as a development paradigm and argues that it is exhausted owing to changed conditions in emerging market (EM) and developed economies. The global economy needs a recalibration that facilitates a new paradigm of domestic demand-led growth....

The economic development process is a complex concept, much broader than the material growth model. The economic growth is a process of accumulation in terms of quantity and value, using a series of macroeconomic variables such as GDP, the real wages or the income per capita. Economic...

Debt among African nations is a widespread and pervasive problem particularly among developing nations. Debt has significant, profound and long-lasting consequences for the social, economic and political development of African nations. All too often poorer nations have been forced to set aside...

Purpose of this paper is to explore the puzzles, paradoxes and limitation of civil society as a development agent in developing countries especially in Pakistani and Indian contexts. The concept of civil society is not new. In past many thinkers and Philosophers focused their attention to refine...