positive wage effect of about the same size. The wages of females are not affected by smoking and drinking. …

Cigarette smokers earn significantly less than nonsmokers, but the magnitude of the smoking wage gap and the pathways … Cohort, and we simulate the model under counterfactual scenarios that isolate the contemporaneous effects of smoking from … for unobserved heterogeneity in the joint determination of smoking, human capital, labor supply, and wages, suggest that …

, which was implemented across federal states at different points in time. Maternal schooling reduces children's smoking and …