substitution rule, and the combination of both on generic competition in a Salop-type model with an off-patent brand-name drug and …

This chapter describes the market for pharmaceuticals, which exceeded $500 million in sales in 2010. The industry is … also characterized by extensive regulation of almost every activity, from product development through manufacturing and … the application of biotechnology to drug development as well as firms that specialize in low-cost production of off-patent …

crisis has brought the optimal design of pharmaceutical patent policy to the fore. In this paper we evaluate patent policy in … the US pharmaceutical industry. We estimate the effect of patent length and scope on generic entry prior to the expiration … of new drug patents using two quasi-experimental approaches: one based on changes in patent laws and another on the …

competition in the drug market over time are all shaped by regulation. Throughout much of the world, administrative regulation …Very few industries are as profoundly influenced by regulation as the pharmaceutical industry. All aspects of the life …-cycle of new drugs are regulated, from patent application, to marketing approval, commercial exploitation, patent expiration …

competition based on the new technology after the 20-year patent monopoly period expires. The government has agreed time … then considers the key patent and health policy issues delaying competition. The regulatory environment is then assessed …This submission takes a public policy perspective, focusing on the public return from the patent system through …

general cost of living. This article argues there should be greater competition for the production of follow-on drugs through … the strengthening of the double patenting prohibition: preventing extending exclusive rights beyond the original patent … the inventor in two patents and (2) only applying the prohibition when the earlier patent did not satisfy the technical …

associated with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-mandated clinical trials of new drugs. But the relationship between the patent … system and other regulation of drugs is more complex than this simple formulation suggests. Drug regulation operates in …

more agressive, which triggers price competition and potentially deters entry by generic producers. To investigate the … branded and generic drug prices and branded market shares. Despite fiercer price competition, the number of generic producers …

effect of a substitution rule on prices and the extensive and intensive margin of generic competition. Both substitution …

Patent expiration represents a turning point for the brand losing patent protection as bioequivalent generic versions … prescribing decisions impact the competition among molecules of a therapeutic class, once generic versions of one of these …