This paper places environmental research and development (R&D) in the context of the literatures about corporate social responsibility and value chain management. The paper then explains how public policies aimed at improving environmental performance create opportunities for socially...

The role of research parks in the transfer of academicresearch findings is considered. A model is offered that describes the growthand productivity of research parks using data from the new National ScienceFoundation database on university research parks. The data covered the years 1997 and...

We model the economics of the effects of standards on incentives for innovative investment. We use survey data from industrial respondents to parameterize our model, allowing us to explain and predict effects of technology standards on investment in the development of technology and thereby...

This paper introduces and describes the invention-insight sample space and uses it to describe the creative process of discovering invention insights — the essential combinations of elements of knowledge to envision the basic working configurations of inventions, the working ideas for new...

This paper models pre-invention-insight research effort and explores the proposition that competition among potential inventors, who can freely enter into the discovery process and who freely share their ideas without taking intellectual property as they strive to discover invention insights,...

John Scott develops, describes, and uses new primary data about US industrial firms' research and development (R&D) investments to create innovative products and processes that provide goods and services without the by-product of pollution. New knowledge about environmental R&D is provided by...

Public Accountability: Evaluating Technology-Based Institutions presents guidelines for evaluating the research performance of technology-based public institutions, and illustrates these guidelines through case studies conducted at one technology-based public institution, the National Institute...