We put our hypothesis very straightforward, considering the euro area and the whole European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) banking sector. The paper's central hypothesis that capital adequacy of the EMU banking sector influenced credit growth and activities in the nonfinancial sector was...

The banking sector assumes a pivotal role in the economic development of nations. The assessment of financial indicators pertaining to banks holds fundamental importance in the evaluation of bank stability and sustainability. This research employs the MEREC (Method based on the Removal Effects...

The Covid-19 Pandemic and policy response rattled the USTreasury markets. Conventional US Treasuries, inflation adjustedUS Treasuries, and the relationship between the two developed inways such that ignoring changes in real interest rates yielded dis-torted inflation expectations estimates....

This paper discusses the impact that a retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) could have on the implementation of monetary policy. Monetary policy implementation could be affected if the introduction of the retail CBDC changes the volume of commercial bank deposits held by customers, which...

A digital euro would provide the general public with an additional means of payment in the form of risk-free central bank money in digital form that is universally accepted for digital payments across the euro area. A digital euro would offer a wide range of financial stability benefits,...

The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the 2022 global energy crisis consecutive to Russia's aggression against Ukraine have been unprecedented in several aspects. In the European Union (EU), national governments, as well as European bodies put in place several relief measures to support the EU...

The level of capital requirement generated by the IRB approach depends crucially on the asset correlation, a parameter that enters the regulatory risk weight formula and is determined by the Regulators. Several studies have estimated the asset correlations and found that the empirical values are...

We study the unintended effects of the Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP) on mortgage borrowers. Originally designed to help financially distressed borrowers refinance after the 2008-09 global financial crisis, HARP inadvertently amplified the market power of incumbent lenders by...

We estimate a structural model derived from the balance sheet identity to evaluate the effects of contagion and common exposure on banks' capital, which varies endogenously as a function of assets and liabilities. Through a regression approach inspired by the literature on structural vector...

We study the interaction of market structure and tax-and-subsidy strategies utilizing pass-through estimates from the unexpected introduction of a loan tax in Ecuador, a quantitative model, and a comprehensive commercial-loan dataset. Our model generalizes bank competition theories, including...