The paper considers the process of discovery for subsoil resources, including both hard minerals and hydrocarbons and estimates its magnitude in recent years, as derived from the sum of extraction and changes in proven reserves. Spurred on by technology change and strong market conditions,...

We value two real options related to offshore petroleum production. We consider expansion of an offshore oil field by tying in a satellite field, and the option of early decommissioning. Even if the satellite field is not profitable to develop at current oil prices, the option to tie in such...

Over recent years Genuine Savings (GS) has emerged as an indicator for weak sustainability and predictor of socio-economic well-being. This paper presents the first long-term GS estimates for Norway, covering the period from 1865 until 2019. The preliminary results indicate unsustainable...