We study the relation between firms? banking relations, ownership structures, and q ratios in Japan. At low levels of equity ownership by main banks, firms? q ratios fall as bank equity ownership rises. At higher levels of bank equity ownership, this relationship is mitigated and, in some...

We study the relation between firms? banking relations, ownership structures, and q ratios in Japan. At low levels of equity ownership by main banks, firms? q ratios fall as bank equity ownership rises. At higher levels of bank equity ownership, this relationship is mitigated and, in some...

We investigate the relation between firms' ownership structures and q ratios in Japan. At low levels of ownership by main banks, firms' q ratios fall as bank equity ownership rises. At higher levels of bank ownership, this relationship is mitigated and, in some specifications, even reversed. We...

Rosenstein-Rodan (1943) and others posit that rapid development requires a 'big push' -- the coordinated rapid growth of diverse complementary industries, and suggests a role for government in providing such coordination. We argue that Japan's zaibatsu, or pyramidal business groups, provided...