This paper derives an actionable model that serves as a basis for cost variance analysis to support the pursuit of environmental and traditional financial goals within a decentralized organization. The model identifies two distinguishable departures from optimality. The first consists of what...

In 2011, Japan was shocked by the revelation of a fraud at one of its most prominent companies, Olympus. What was more shocking was that the fraud was perpetrated by its Chairman of the Board and past president, Tsuyoshi Kikukawa, in collusion with several other Board members and officers. The...

On November 4th 2011, Groupon Inc. went public with an initial market capitalization of $13 billion. The business was formed a couple of years earlier as an off-shoot of “The Point.” The business grew rapidly and increased its reported revenue from $14.5 million in 2009 to $1.6 billion in...