We examine the impact of the global financial crisis on the degree of international income and consumption risk … the greater resilience for income risk-sharing during the recent crisis. First, we find that debt delivered better risk …, did not correspond to noticeable risk diversification. Second, separating output shocks into positive and negative …

, respective capital infusions under TARP–CPP and capital repayments on changes in shareholder value and the risk exposure of … provoke positive wealth effects and a decrease in bank risk, equity capital injections to banks are observed to be a severe … increase systemic risk, no significant effect on systemic risk is found for capital repayments. …

This research studies why commercial banks in the USA failed in the recent financial crisis from the aspect of risk … loans. Second, risk of securitisation is rooted in the implicit recourse, backstop of liquidity, balance sheet overexpansion …, and the moral hazard problem. Third, the systemic risk from the overall economic conditions was ubiquitous when market …