The European Shareholder Rights Directive provides shareholders the right to ask questions related to the items on the agenda. The company can refuse to answer the questions in a limited number of cases. After a brief historical and European view, the second part of the paper assesses the...

This article evaluates the Takeover Bids Directive's board neutrality rule, in light of the European Commission's option to propose the revision of the Directive and a recent suggestion put forward by some commentators to make the rule, which is optional, harder to opt-out. It does so by...

Artificial Intelligence (hereafter: AI) is transforming our everyday life in many important respects. The corporate realm is no exception. Many corporations cannot avoid facing the variety of issues raised by the increasing importance that AI plays within firms. Can an AI-based system be...

Corporate law and corporate governance are often called upon to address problems in international and transnational contexts. Financial markets are global and the problems in those markets are often similar, if not identical, even though the capital market structure across jurisdictions differs...

This paper studies an informational role of a decision to appoint a black director (BD) to a white board in a regime shaped by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. I find that the decision slashes firm valuation, perhaps because it reveals the true color of existing white directors (WDs) are gray. A director...

According to an influential view in corporate law writings and debates, pressure from shareholders leads companies to take myopic actions that are costly in the long term, and insulating boards from such pressure serves the long-term interests of companies as well as their shareholders. This...

Recent precedents make it difficult to challenge transactions approved by a board of directors and a stockholder majority. When should such cases be filed, proceed beyond the pleading stage, and prevail? My answer is that judicial intervention should remedy and deter tortious misconduct that...

We investigate the relationship between the presence of former member of the U.S. Congress on corporate boards and fraud enforcement. We find that corporate fraud in companies with such members on the board stays undetected longer. When caught, such companies pay lower penalties. The appointment...

Recent precedents make it difficult to challenge transactions approved by a board of directors and a stockholder majority. When should such cases be filed, proceed beyond the pleading stage, and prevail? My answer is that litigation rules should remedy and deter tortious misconduct that corrupts...