Using data from the U.S. automobile market, we empirically examine the link between competition and innovation …. Consistent with a large literature, we use patent counts as a measure of innovation. The combination of the U.S. market … this an interesting market to examine the link between competition and innovation. We use firm-level time-series data over …

The purpose of this paper is to define innovation and to proffer evidence of its existence through the use of … statistical method and mathematical modeling. Innovation is defined by the confidence interval of the normal probability … probability distribution density curve ( α = 0.025) is an area of focus for innovation analysis. The lower tail of the curve: −α …

Total Factor Productivity (TFP)is often used on the macro-economic level as an indicator of changes in efficiency of a … Productivity of Mongolia was tested not only for errors in all estimated values but also for measurement errors in the data. It was …