The problem that plagues Indian family-controlled firms is expropriation of minority shareholders by majority shareholders. Gender quota legislation that mandates appointment of at least one female director without specifying the director type as “independent” exacerbates this...

Market evidence suggest that a class of common stock with superior voting rights trades at systematically higher prices than an identical class of stock with inferior voting rights, as control over the firm grants the promoters some opportunity to receive a higher payoff. Differential voting...