Apart from the main misconception of money creation, that is, the exogenous-endogenous money creation debate, there exist a number of lesser misconceptions, including that banks are 'fully lent' when they have no excess reserves, that money creation begins with a new bank deposit, and that a...

The endogenous-exogenous money debate is a futile one. Exogenous money creation, based on the money multiplier, is not a money creation process. Rather, it is a monetary policy model, but in it money is still created endogenously: bank loans (and foreign asset accumulation by banks) concurrently...

Exogenous money creation does not exist, but did under a past specie-money system. Central bank control of bank reserves and therefore control of bank deposit (money) creation via the money multiplier can exist, but this has nothing to do with the process of money creation. Rather, it is a style...

The state of bank liquidity, measured as the banks' net excess reserves (NER) with the central bank, is a critical element of the successful implementation of monetary policy. Central banks have absolute control over NER and manipulate it to bring about a positive NER (in QE periods) to drive...

After the discovery by the goldsmith-bankers that loans could be made by the issue of the newly accepted means of payments, receipts/bank notes, there was an inevitable next step: deposit money. Bank notes are deposits, but in a different form. Bank deposits are also accounting entries, but they...

Money creation began before the loan activities of the goldsmith-bankers in seventeenth-century London, in the form of coin clipping, coin debasement, and so on. However, money creation as we know it today (new bank loans create new bank deposits, which is the dominant means of payments) began...

Despite stout efforts by some scholars to demonstrate the logical and direct relationship between bank domestic credit extension (DCE) and M3 growth (because money creation is the outcome of new DCE), there remains, in much of the literature, a disconnection between these two aggregates. The...

Many texts which cover money creation regard the reserve requirement (RR) as being at the very centre of the process, and many still regard the process as starting with a bank receiving a new deposit (and placing the required reserves with the central bank, lending out the rest, which is...

It is sometimes stated that government spending leads to money creation, at the same time providing the banks with excess reserves, leading to further money creation. This is so, but the statement ignores the fact that the money stock (and reserves) was depleted when revenue was raised in order...

It persists in part of the literature that there are two monetary policy models: the monetary base-focused model (aka the money multiplier model/strict money-rule model) and the interest rate-focused model. The former only exists in theory because its implementation (for brief periods in a few...