We propose a "1/N favorability index" to measure how favorable a market is to holding a 1/N portfolio. This index reflects the extent of difficulty for an optimized portfolio to outperform the 1/N portfolio in a specific market. A single-factor model predicts that bull markets are accompanied by...

This paper compares two well-known approaches for valuing a risky investment using real options theory:contingent claims (CC) with risk neutral valuation and dynamic programming (DP) using a constant risk adjusted discount rate.Both approaches have been used in valuing forest assets.A proof is...