Non-banks originated about half of all mortgages in 2016, and 75% of mortgages insured by the FHA or VA. Both shares are much higher than those observed at any point in the 2000s. We describe in this paper how non-bank mortgage companies are vulnerable to liquidity pressures in both their loan...

We develop a model in which financial intermediaries hold liquidity to protect themselves from shocks. Depending on parameter values, banks may choose to hold too much or too little liquidity on aggregate compared with the socially optimal amount. The model endogenously generates a situation of...

This letter on Money Market Fund Reform was submitted in response to the Financial Stability Oversight Council's proposals of November 2012. I endorse the so-called “Minimum Balance at Risk Proposal,” in which sponsors would contribute or raise capital of one percent of a MMF's assets while...

This paper studies daily investor flows to and from each money market mutual fund during the nine-month period prior to and including the money fund crisis of September 2008. We focus on the determinants of flows in the prime money fund category to shed light on the covariates of money fund...

We study daily money market mutual fund flows at the individual share class level during September 2008. This fine granularity of data facilitates new insights into investor and portfolio holding characteristics conducive to run risk in cash-like asset pools. Empirically, we find that...

Since the 2008 financial crisis, in which the Reserve Primary Fund “broke the buck,” money market funds (MMFs) have been the subject of ongoing policy debate. Many commentators view MMFs as a key contributor to the crisis because widespread redemption demands during the days following the...

The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank in March 2023 triggered a flight to quality. This paper analyses flows to and from money market mutual funds (MMFs) and stablecoins consistent with a flight to quality. We find aggregate net inflows to MMFs and aggregate net outflows from...