real exchange rate that has developed over more than a decade. What is unique to the Lebanon case is that the balance … reversals. In contrast, dedicated non-volatile depositors supported most of Lebanon's funding for many years until their sudden … stop. In this sense, Lebanon has been a victim of its own luck in having a dedicated resident, expatriate, and regional …

challenges, with the national currency's collapse, bank crisis, and foreign reserve deficits. The World Bank reports Lebanon … for economic policy and social welfare. In Lebanon, the ongoing crisis since 2019 has exacerbated severe economic … manifestations in Lebanon during financial crises. Our methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, alongside a case study …