This paper discusses the impact and the appropriateness of tax incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the European Union. First, we provide a survey of implemented tax incentives specifically targeted at SMEs in the 28 EU Member States. Building hereon, we measure the impact...

This paper extends prior stock option literature by examining whether individual and corporate tax incentives are associated with the decision to hold shares acquired through option exercises. Aboody, Hughes, Liu, and Su (2008) refute the previously-held assumption that individuals immediately...

As companies seek to expand their operations, globally, a major regulatory bottleneck they encounter is that of Double Taxation. This portends a sort of nauseating feeling for investors who might find the tax burden too heavy to bear. Issues ranging from tax avoidance to outright evasion have...

Using a sample of public European firms and a multitude of shifts in cross-country taxation data, we examine the influence of individual shareholders' tax incentives on capital structure. We find that the largest shareholder's tax incentive for debt positively influences leverage. We also find...

The universal EITC is a worker subsidy designed to offset wage stagnation. The base proposal would replace existing subsidies for working families with a refundable 100-percent tax credit on individual wages up to $10,000 and a larger, refundable CTC. The maximum credit grows with GDP,...

This paper presents a novel analysis of the differential incidence and effect of Federal income tax policy on owner-occupied and rental housing in the U.S. The objective is to examine whether, and how, rental housing is penalized relative to owner-occupied housing, and if so to estimate the...

This article analyzes the Federal income tax treatment of state incentive tax credits. It considers whether and when refundable credits should be included in income and discusses their appropriate character as capital gain or as ordinary income

Die Global Tax Expenditures Database (https://gted.net/) erfasst nationale Berichte zu Steuervergünstigungen für 101 Länder für den Zeitraum ab 1990 bis heute. Auf Basis dieser Daten wird die Entwicklung von Steuervergünstigungen in den 38 OECD-Ländern zwischen 1999 und heute betrachtet....

This paper analyzes the effects of an income tax credit on evasion of the value-added tax (VAT). Based on the individual tax returns of the universe of VAT payers in Germany our analysis shows that harnessing incentives of consumers as third-parties in the last VAT stage through tax credits...

Tax expenditures are granted for a variety of purposes in Germany. The paper presents data on the extent and the structure of the tax expenditures in the period 2005 to 2012. Tax expenditures will be reduced somewhat in the period 2005-2012. They should be cut further in order to increase...