investment treaty arbitration does not support fair and independent adjudication of the boundaries of sovereign authority and of …

approaches in domestic courts in advanced economies, an approach rarely taken in analysing investor-state arbitration. The first … the early 19th century with generally strong support for commercial arbitration based on ad hoc fee-based remuneration …; and similarities and differences between commercial arbitration and investment arbitration, focusing how the largely …

While there are ongoing the debates on the appropriateness of arbitrators acting as mediators in a pending arbitration … the confidential nature of arbitration proceedings. The problem with anecdotes is that it is difficult to evaluate whether … typically conducted, and the common techniques adopted in facilitating settlement. At a time when arbitration has become too …

During the past few years arbitration has been under attack. Recent judicial decisions, newly enacted and proposed … leveled at arbitration can be addressed and, most significantly, there are practical and inescapable realities that will … ensure arbitration’s survival. Arbitration’s viability as a popular and effective dispute resolution process will continue as …

Today, binding arbitration procedures are employed in a wider variety of contracts than at any time in our nation …'s history, and arbitration has become a wide-ranging surrogate for court trial of civil disputes. As a result, arbitration is … subjected to unprecedented stresses and strains, and it is fair to say that arbitration has never been subject to wider …

. Alternative dispute resolution methods except arbitration are often not effective enough, because they produce case outcomes that … is unlikely to become enforceable. Arbitration could provide this effectiveness, because the recourse to courts is only … minimal and therefore much less expensive. But from this legal effectiveness follow other difficulties. Arbitration requires …