Political economy accounts of economic integration strongly emphasize the importance of legal contract enforcement. We challenge extant research by showing that relational contracting, relationship-based contract enforcement, is more efficient for high-risk, human capital-intensive activities...

Leaders are critical to a country's success. They can influence domestic policy via specific measures that they enforce, and they can also influence international public opinion towards their country. Foreign Direct Investments are also essential for a country's economic growth. Our hypothesis...

This work studies the contagion risk through the portfolio investment channel using network analysis and simulation on cross-country bilateral data. The importance of the portfolio channel in the transmission of financial shocks reflects the high interconnectedness of the global financial...

Ethnic networks are made of interpersonal ties run by a separate set of rules that allow - among other things - to overcome formal and informal barriers and help create inner markets for more competitive exports. After reviewing recent literature, this paper considers the possible evolution of...

This rapidly increasing international commercial operations place demands on all facets of a business enterprise. One area especially challenged by these rising pressures is human resources, particularly in the area of staffing host country operations. This article reports not only on the...

This paper argues that a location or firm-based understanding is inadequate to conceptualize the process of internationalisation. The main argument is that elite ties and political space exert significant influence over corporate activity within and beyond national context. The empirical...

This paper contributes to the growing stream of research on knowledge gathering in the internationalization process of international new ventures (INVs), as well as their networking activities. It identifies two dimensions describing the network knowledge-gathering approaches: 1) relationship...

A great deal of multinationals receive a bundle of hidden or cash subsidizes upon investing in a foreign country. Policymakers often argue that a subsidy today will help locate friends of the investor later on. Using extensive data on FDI investments, we analyze such patterns. In particular, we...

Purpose: The purpose is to investigate how a retailer identifies critical network actors and gains their support when entering an emerging market. and to examine the role of a firm's relationships with different types of actors on the new market.Design/methodology/approach: The study is of an...