The international joint venture (JV) literature has focused on two parent JVs formed between one foreign and one local firm. Yet, other types of JVs exist. This paper iddentifies four distinct forms of JVs based on the JV partners' nationality and equity affiliation. These are (i) JVs that are...

In international joint ventures, where one of the partners is a multinational enterprise (MNE) and the other is a local firm that possesses some significant advantage in its market, there are sometimes issues of control (who is in charge of what) that may be reflected in the financial structure...

AAI issued a new white paper, “What Does Expanding Horizontal Control Mean for Antitrust Enforcement? A Look at Mergers, Partial Ownership, and Joint Ventures.” The paper is authored by AAI President and economist, Diana Moss. The paper explains that the many mechanisms for expanding...

The many mechanisms for expanding horizontal ownership and control of economic resources pose ongoing challenges for merger enforcement. This is readily apparent in markets that have undergone profound structural change from horizontal consolidation and rising concentration over the last several...