This paper analyzes the interactions between competitive (wholesale) spot, retail, and forward markets and vertical integration in electricity markets. We develop an equilibrium model with producers, retailers, and traders that enables us to quantify the impact of forward markets and vertical...

Shareholder agreements govern the relations among shareholders in privately-held firms, such as joint ventures or venture capital-backed firms. We provide an explanation for the use of put and call options, tag-along rights, drag-along rights, demand rights, piggy-back rights, and catch-up...

Defined benefit pension plans backed by firms with high R&D expenditures and high land and buildings (L&B) holdings exhibit high private equity and real estate investment, respectively. Within these asset classes, plans with R&D (L&B) intensive sponsoring firms overweigh venture capital...

Causal evidence from random assignment has been labeled "the most credible." We argue itis generally incomplete in finance/economics, omitting central parts of the true empirical causalchain. Random assignment, in eliminating self-selection, simultaneously precludes signaling viatreatment...

While firms have obtained outside financing from large numbers of investors on financial markets for centuries, online crowdfunding platforms have only emerged as a major source of funding for start-ups and new projects for a decade. The information available to backers on crowdfunding platforms...

Facing a powerful union enables a firm to obtain more wage flexibility and increases the workers' investment. Hence, when the firm must invest, there are costs and benefits of union power. Under the threat of a takeover cutting the wage bill, the workers' investment is restricted and the...

This paper discusses the TSE's corporate governance recommendations and current practices. It points out that an analysis of corporate governance at the level of an institution such as the TSE must start with an understanding of the nature and the limits of recommendations or regulation...

We provide new rationales for corporate venturing (CV), based on competition for talented managers. As returns to venturing increase, firms engage in CV for reasons other than capturing these returns. First, higher venturing returns increase managerial compensation, to which firms respond by...