infrastructure seem to be uncontroversial, a universal NGA coverage appears to be a rather unrealistic objective without government … inefficient given the uncertainty about future returns on NGA infrastructure-based services and the public authorities’ incomplete …

The "ladder of investment" is a regulatory approach proposed by Martin Cave (2006), which has been widely embraced by …, successively, with different levels of access - the "rungs" of the investment ladder, while inducing them to climb the ladder by ….e., by setting sunset clauses). Proponents of the ladder of investment approach claim that such regulatory measures would …