Alternative Investments on Contemporary Financial Market -- Hedge Funds -- Investment Strategies of Hedge Funds -- Funds of Funds -- Managed Futures Investments -- Structured Products -- Private Equity/Venture Capital Investments -- Conclusion -- Bibliography.

We review the scant academic literature on the use of leverage in institutional private equity real estate (PERE) investments and summarize a number of stylized facts. The bulk of available evidence supports the view that leverage, as used by high-risk PERE funds, does not adequately compensate...