Countries heavily rely on tax revenue for their welfare programs, which aim to reduce inequalities. Taxes are countries' main sources of revenue and provide funding for governmental expenditures. A country's spending is usually divided into categories: mandatory, discretionary, and interest on...

This study examines the effective tax rates of listed companies in Australia for a period of 11 years from 1994 to 2004. Two measures of effective tax rate are used: total tax expense divided by pre-tax accounting profit (ETR), and current tax expense divided by pre-tax accounting profit (ETR')....

While not explicitly stated, many tax avoidance studies seek to investigate tax avoidance that is the result of firms' intentional choices. Stock option compensation can result in unanticipated reductions to a firm's tax liability because the timing and magnitude of the related tax deduction is...

This study examines the visibility of the GAAP effective tax rate (ETR) in firms' financial statements as a distinct disclosure choice. Applying a game-theory disclosure model for voluntary disclosure strategies of firms to a tax setting, we argue that firms face a trade-off in their ETR...

How much companies pay in corporate income taxes is often better captured by effective tax rates (ETRs) rather than by statutory ones. Economists further distinguish between those modelled using the law - forward-looking ETRs - and those estimated from actual data on companies' profits and taxes...

As specified in Congressional bill H.R. 25/S. 25, the FairTax is a proposal to replace the federal personal income tax, corporate income tax, payroll (FICA) tax, capital gains, alternative minimum, self-employment, and estate and gifts taxes with a single-rate federal retail sales tax. The...