This paper presents a new method to validate risk models: the Risk Map. This method jointly accounts for the number and the magnitude of extreme losses and graphically summarizes all information about the performance of a risk model. It relies on the concept of a super exception, which is...

This paper investigates (1) how the composition of executive compensation is related to a bank's incentive to take excessive risk, (2) whether executive compensation in larger banks, especially the too-big-to-fail (TBTF) banks, induces more severe moral hazard behavior, and (3) how the relation...

Identifying the relevant risk factors and their interdependence is central to understanding the risk exposures and vulnerabilities of a financial institution. It is needed for risk management, solvency assessment and stress testing. We assemble a unique dataset of risk factors relevant for...

We present a model where bank assets are a portfolio of risky debt claims and analyze stockholders' risk-taking behavior while considering the strategic interaction between debtors and creditors. We find that: (1) as the leverage of a bank increases, risk shifting by borrowers increases, even if...

We study risk management in financial institutions using data on hedging of interest rate and foreign exchange risk. We find strong evidence that institutions with higher net worth hedge more, controlling for risk exposures, across institutions and within institutions over time. For...

The Federal Reserve's Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) requires large bank holding companies (BHCs) to project losses under stress scenarios. In this paper, we propose multiple benchmarks for operational loss projections and document the industry distribution relative to these...

The goal of this paper is to point out the current situation in the banking sector related to its risks (credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, concentration risk) with a special emphasis on today's one of the major types of banking risk, the operational risk. This phrase contains the risks...

The paper analyzes the role of financial regulation in facilitating the development of organizational norms to enhance risk culture in banking institutions. Specifically, it examines the regulatory responses and industry-led initiatives taken since the financial crisis of 2007-08 to address...

We present a stochastic simulation forecasting model for stress testing aimed at assessing banks' capital adequacy, financial fragility and probability of default. The paper provides a theoretical presentation of the methodology and the essential features of the forecasting model on which it is...

We present an empirical study of stress testing for portfolios of auto loans. We find that loans aged five years or more have significantly higher default probabilities. This finding raises concerns about the increasing maturity of auto loans in recent years. A challenge in stress testing is the...