This paper examines what the associated antitrust implications are, and what lessons antitrust regulators and standards bodies might draw.

This fascinating and highly relevant book facilitates discussion on the difficult technical, legal and economic issues with respect to innovation, competition and welfare raised, through the span of more than a decade, by the US and EC Microsoft antitrust cases. It assesses their impact on the...

This essay explores the scope of the European Commission's power to impose remedies in cases of abuse of a dominant position under Article 82 of the Treaty establishing the European Community. After introductory remarks regarding the legal basis and objectives of remedies, we delineate the...

This contribution discusses open standards in the software industry from a competition law enforcement perspective. While some of the observations may be of relevance to other sectors as well, those will not be addressed here. Open standards, as defined below, may benefit competition in software...

The purpose of this paper is to briefly outline some of the issues raised by the use of standards and patents from an EU competition law perspective, and discuss what lessons market participants and regulators might draw from ongoing disputes

This paper discusses the standard of proof in EU competition cases. It first strives to define the term "standard of proof", in particular by setting it against the term "standard of judicial review". The paper then looks at some issues that have been raised in relation to the standard of proof,...

We discuss what lessons market participants and regulators might draw from ongoing disputes. Per Hellström & Thomas Kramler (DG Comp)