The goal of this paper is to evaluate the perspectives of China to become less dependent on gas imports in future. This paper tries to forecast the future production of natural gas in China and demand for imports. The key problem is to what extent China can become the second country after the...

The EU imposed an embargo on Iranian oil on 23 January, 2012 that will come into full force in July, preventing the members from importing Iranian oil. The embargo was enforced by the UN, EU, USA and other countries in the wake of Western pressure policies. This multiplies sanctions imposed on...

Energy is one an important class of traded commodities. The particular feature of energy is that about 85% of energies consumed are produced from non-renewable sources. While the structure of energy market is complex, in general we have competitive markets. Some exceptions like OPEC cartel in...

This study attempted to investigate empirically the causal relationships among energy consumption, pollution, and economic growth for a panel of 8 selected OPEC countries over the period 1971-2008 inspiring panel data techniques. The findings showed that in the long-run equilibrium there is a...

This paper uses recently developed econometric techniques such as panel unit roots tests, panel cointegration, and panel generalized method of moment (GMM) to investigate the existence and the nature of the dynamic causal relationships among GDP, exports, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)...