From 1963 through 2015, idiosyncratic risk (IR) is high when market risk (MR) is high. We show that the positive relation between IR and MR is highly stable through time and is robust across exchanges, firm size, liquidity, and market-to-book groupings. Though stock liquidity affects the...

We investigate whether a bank’s performance during the 1998 crisis, which was viewed at the timeas the most dramatic crisis since the Great Depression, predicts its performance during the recentfinancial crisis. One hypothesis is that a bank that has an especially poor experience in a...