Whilst the use of European consensus by the European Court of Human Rights is receiving some attention in the relevant scholarship, there has been very little assessment of the validity of the assumption that this method of decision making enhances the legitimacy of judgments. There has also...

On 9 October 2018, the Hague Court of Appeal confirmed the first instance judgement rendered in the world-famous Urgenda case: the Dutch State commits a tort by setting a goal for greenhouse gasses emissions reduction of only 20% by the end of 2020, compared to 1990 levels. The State is ordered...

Vital importance to any society is the establishment and conduct of human rights, including economic and social rights. This paper comparatively examines the economic and social rights within the Egyptian Constitution and local law provisions, with the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights...

With the establishment of China's new multilateral development banks in Asia, concerns on behalf of developed nations have been raised regarding the future protection of human rights and environmental standards in the financing of development projects in Asia by China's new financial vehicles....

Finance has become an indispensable vehicle for economic development in emerging economies. Such economic progress involves a number of human rights implications which affect financial products, the entitlements of the banking sector itself as well as broad matters of socio-political and...

The emerging economic power of Asia has accelerated since the conclusion of free trade agreements amongst Asia nations. At the same time, the development of such regional cooperation in trade affairs has been accompanied by human rights concerns regarding labour standards and environmental...

In 2006, a new United Nations Human Rights Council came into existence, replacing the former UN Commission on Human Rights with a restructured body. To help achieve its goals, a new mechanism for monitoring the human rights performance of all states was also introduced, known as Universal...

This paper discusses whether the right to sanitation exists as an independent and internationally recognized human right in international law. It assesses if and how the right to sanitation constitutes a legally binding obligation on states by examining its existence in the two principle sources...

The contemporary human rights debate is mostly concerned with the protection of people affected by change that is beyond their control. But what about those who make use of their basic economic rights to facilitate economic and social change? Do these agents of change need protection and, if so,...

As well as outlining the structure and organisation of the collection, this introduction seeks to contextualise the debate over intellectual property and climate change. As a foundation to the collection, it provides an overview of the negotiation, agreement, and implementation of the Paris...