The purpose of the System Dynamics method is to study the relationship between structure and behavior in non-linear, dynamic systems. In such systems, the significance of various structural components to the behavior pattern exhibited, changes as the behavior unfolds. Changes in structural...

In countries where tools of economic control are immature and disabled due to totalitarian systems, macroeconomic analyses for aggregate quantities and relationships, such as total consumption, investment, and government expenditures represents a difficult task. The practice of aggregation...

In the real world, the theory of economic faces many obstacles in its analyses and interpretations. One of these problems is overlapping relationships between specific variables and difficulty of determining perfect formulation which contain all possible effect. Traditional statistics tools like...

The United States declared Sudan as a rogue country in 1995 due to many political considerations. It has imposed many economic and political sanctions against it since that time which represented hindrance to development and resulted in economic crises. Oil explorations started long time by...

Most developing and underdeveloped countries beside Sudan suffer from low levels of income in addition to the low savings that are result from the lack of sophisticated savings channels. Hence, investments depend on the individuals' abilities on savings where they are major motivating vehicle...

Chronically, most of developing countries as exampled in Sudan suffer from the low levels of income in addition to the low savings that are result from the lack of savings channels. Hence, the investment depends on the individuals' abilities on savings, where the investment is considered as...

Sudanese external debts became a chronic problem for the past thirty years. They were first acquired for economic development projects, failed to fulfill that function due to many reasons, economic planning, mismanagement, political turmoil, failure in absorption capacity, corruption…etc. For...

Sudanese external debts became a chronic problem for the past thirty years. They were first acquired for economic development projects, failed to fulfill that function due to many reasons, economic planning, mismanagement, political turmoil, failure in absorption capacity, corruption…etc. For...

The conception that financial markets in a country are parts of modern economic systems is generally accepted. However, in an underdeveloped economic structure there can be other targets o hidden activities for them. Such assumptions are provoked under totalitarian economic systems that impose...