This paper explores the first hitting times for doubly skewed Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) processes. The explicit Laplace transforms of the first hitting times are obtained in terms of Hermite functions, and the means of the first hitting times can be derived as well. We also show the hitting time...

This study extends the framework of Klein [Journal of Banking & Finance, 20, 1211–1229] to price vulnerable options. We provide a pricing model for vulnerable options which face not only default risk but also rare shocks encountered by the underlying asset and the assets of the counterparty....

This paper links firms’ endogenous quality choice to worker effort and efficiency wages. The model generates two distinct features: effort is rewarded and quality is rewarded. Then firms with higher monitoring accuracy produce higher quality and pay higher wages. When trade is opened, while...