The capacity of a freeway segment should be measured only when it is an active bottleneck. The properties of flows at active freeway bottlenecks have a bearing on both the definition of capacity and the procedure of capacity analysis. Past studies have examined the flow features at bottlenecks...

The objective of this study is to determine whether ramp meters increase the capacity of active freeway bottlenecks, and if they do, how. The traffic flow characteristics at twenty-seven active bottlenecks in the Twin Cities have been studied for seven weeks without ramp metering and seven weeks...

A new freeway ramp control objective - minimizing total weighted travel time is presented in this study. This new objective function is capable of balancing efficiency and equity of ramp meters, while the previous metering objective - minimizing total absolute travel time is purely...

This research seeks to examine road pricing on a network of autonomous highway links. "Autonomous" refers to the links' being competitive and independent and having the objective of maximizing their own profits without regard for either social welfare or the profits of other links. The principal...

We document that the skill of plaintiffs’ law firms, measured by dismissal ratio, strongly predicts the outcomes of securities class action lawsuits. Lawsuits conducted by skilled law firms are more likely to be settled and have larger settlement amounts, while the defendant firms experience...

In this paper we show how trading rules can generate excess volatility in the exchange rate through repeated entry and exit of currency bears and bulls. This is something of a caricature: but it allows us to show that offcial action can have self-fulfilling effects as market composition shifts...

During the 1990s, U.S. welfare policy underwent dramatic reforms aimed at promoting employment and reducing dependence. Although the immediate effects on adult labor supply and family income have been studied extensively, this paper is the first to evaluate the long-run effects on children’s...