During 1980-2000, an average of 310 companies per year went public in the U.S. Since the technology bubble burst in 2000, the average has been only 99 initial public offerings (IPOs) per year, with the drop especially precipitous among small firms. Many have blamed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002...

Despite recent innovations in entrepreneurial finance, particularly at the early stage of business creation, many new and young companies continue to face hurdles to acquire capital.The Kauffman Foundation addressed current challenges and opportunities in financing entrepreneurial growth, a key...

A popular view is that private equity (PE) firms tend to expropriate other stakeholders of their portfolio companies. Bonds offered during 1992-2011 by companies after their initial public offerings (IPOs) do not reflect this view. We find that yield spreads on bonds offered by PE-backed...

I address why IPO volume, and especially small company IPO volume, has been so depressed for more than a decade. The conventional wisdom is that the main culprits are a combination of heavy-handed regulation, especially the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, a decline in analyst coverage of small...

Determines the "hot issue" market of 1980 to result primarily from natural resource firms. The hot issue market extending from January 1980 to March 1981 is characterized by an average initial return of 48.4% on unseasoned new issues of common stock, as compared to the 16.3% average initial...

Two anomalies have been documented in the performance of initial public offerings (IPOs): (1) in the short-run they are underpriced, and (2) they are subject to the "hot issue" market phenomenon. This analysis identifies a third anomaly: in the long-run, IPOs appear to be overpriced. Examined a...

Examines the underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) and the impact of this underpricing on investor uncertainty and on the investment bankers who take the firms public. The firms going public lack the credibility to assert that the offering price is below the expected market price...

Using a sample of 56 companies going public in 1996-2000 in which top executives received allocations of other hot initial public offerings (IPOs) from the bookrunner, a practice known as spinning, we examine the consequences of spinning. The 56 IPOs had first-day returns that were, on average,...

This paper examines time series patterns of external financing decisions and shows that publicly traded U.S. firms fund a much larger proportion of their financing deficit with external equity when the cost of equity capital is low. The historical values of the cost of equity capital have...