We develop a theory of endogenous regimes transitions (with a focus on democratic consolidation), which emphasizes the … individual commitment across citizens to defend democracy against a potential military coup, and it is an endogenous state … and the state. Parents invest resources in order to transmit their own political values (commitment to democracy) to their …

changes towards democracy when states have low GDP relative to their neighbours. -- political competition ; dictatorship … subjects may exit. In a simple model, both kinds of competition are substitutes. Internal competition (democracy) benefits … democracy, and rulers are less eager to oppose it, when external competition is high. In a panel of countries, there are fewer …

This paper develops a new model of trade policy under dictatorship and democratization. The paper makes two … is to show how a dictatorship can manipulate trade policy to maintain its grip on power in the face of permanent world …

In this paper, we create alternative measures of political instability, which capture movements only from dictatorship … to democracy and vice versa (consistent with the recent theoretical work by Acemoglu and Robinson) but, unlike older … significant policy implications - it increases the volatility of both trade and fiscal policies. Furthermore, policy volatility …