The global recession has deepened, with larger than expected declines in output and employment in many countries, Russia included. Global output is now expected to decline full 2.9 percent in 2009, with high-income countries hardest hit. Real economy and social impact on Russia was also larger...

Russia is likely to witness robust but jobless recovery in the short term. Reforms aimed at modernizing public sector, strengthening financial sector, improving investment climate and diversifying the economy have become all the more important as a result of the crisis. The Russian economy is...

Amid heightened global uncertainties, Russia is experiencing a bumpy recovery. Domestic demand is rising, but unemployment remains high, and credit and investment remain limited. The budget has benefited from higher oil prices, but fiscal consolidation remains important in the medium term....

With heightened uncertainties and moderating global and Western European growth and oil prices, and volatile capital flows, Russia is likely to grow by 4.2 percent in 2010, followed by 4.5 percent in 2011 and 3.5 percent in 2012 as domestic demand expands in line with gradual improvements in the...

After a 4 percent growth in 2010, Russia's real output is expected to grow 4.4 percent in 2011, increasingly driven by domestic demand. The country emerged from the global recession with lower-than-expected unemployment and poverty. Although in the short term, high oil prices will help Russia's...

The paper demonstrates that the Yugoslav hyperinflation, the second highest and the second longest episode in economic history, was driven by excessive money supply that monetized various deficits that emerged upon the disintegration of the country. The identified cointegrating relations showed...

Russia has weathered the global crisis better than initially feared, in part due to its large stimulus package, and is now likely to witness a robust but relatively jobless recovery. But the crisis has emphasized the country's long-standing needs to modernize its public sector, strengthen its...

The paper reviews Bulgaria's inter-governmental finances and the process of fiscal decentralization during the early transition (1990-95) from centrally planned to a market economy. The paper discusses salient features and reform issues in tax assignments, inter-governmental relations,...