An important property of production functions is the concept return to scale (RTS) as found in the literature. There are two common variations RTS in data envelopment analysis (DEA) used, constant return to scale (CRS) and variation return to scale (VRS). The envelopment surface in BCC model is...

Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) is a method to formulate the strategy. Although the SWOT analysis successfully provides the key factors of the problem, it has some drawbacks in selecting appropriate strategy for the evaluation and final decision steps. During...

In this paper, by introducing two virtual decision making units (DMUs) called ideal DMU (IDMU) and anti-ideal DMU (ADMU) with fuzzy inputs-outputs, the efficiency evaluates of DMUs are done by fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA). Therefore, we evaluate DMUs from the perspective of the best...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical optimization technique that measures the relative efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) with multiple input–output. In traditional DEA models, the data of different DMUs are assumed to be measured by precise values. But, in many real...

Service quality is often conceptualized as the comparison between service expectations and the actual performance perceptions. It enhances customer satisfaction, decreases customer defection, and promotes customer loyalty. Substantial literature has examined the concept of service quality, its...

Service quality is often conceptualized as the comparison between service expectations and the actual performance perceptions. It enhances customer satisfaction, decreases customer defection, and promotes customer loyalty. Substantial literature has examined the concept of service quality, its...

Conventional DEA models assume deterministic, precise and non-negative data for input and output observations. However, real applications may be characterized by observations that are given in form of intervals and include negative numbers. For instance, the consumption of electricity in...