Firms may have gender differences in governance characteristics, which may lead to differences in the firms' performances themselves, and consequently in the way credit is allocated. The paper demonstrates that there are differences in governance characteristics and, most important, there is a...

We develop a banks' specific integrated rating approach, tailored incorporating the various heterogeneity dimensions characterizing financial institutions (see Mantovani et al., 2013 and 2014 regarding the heterogeneity risk analysis in corporate firms), named “bank tailored integrated...

The purpose of this article is to develop a bank-oriented rating approach, tailored by incorporating the various heterogeneity dimensions characterizing financial institutions, named "Bank-Tailored Integrated Rating" (BTIR). BTIR is able to catch the financial cycle, including the pandemic...

How do the Italian blue chips actually deal with disclosure about their business model? Does their disclosure strategies affect the cost of capital through a reduction in information risk premia? Performing a cluster analysis on the contents reported in annual reports, investor relations and...

Literature agrees about Basel I and II regulations' inefficiency in improving credit allocation. Recent crisis demonstrates that rating standards fails to generate an efficient asset evaluation system. This is mainly due because of bias in corporate risk estimation. Nevertheless, when dealing...

The need to innovate rating methodology toward an integrated approach is crucial in the Italian financial contest. At present, the banking system and the economic actors are unable to create effective and efficient information flows to react to crisis. Banks weakness derives from the adopted...

We investigate and find out the inner differences between stand-alone firms and those participating to Productive Chain Networks (PCNs) as far as ownership and corporate governance characteristics are concerned. PCNs are typical Italian economic realities made of small and medium enterprises...

The main goal of the paper is to understand if the shareholder composition must be considered as part of the corporate governance framework or as monitoring factor. A related goal of the paper is to investigate if the shareholder composition must be included in the loop among the corporate...