In principle, credit rating agencies are supposed to be impartial observers that bridge the gap between private information of issuers and the information available to the wider pool of investors. However, since the 1970s, rating agencies have relied on an issuer-pay model, creating a conflict...

A substantial body of research suggests that it is difficult to account for all of the asset price volatility in terms of news. This paper attempts to explain the excess volatility puzzle as a consequence of competitive interaction between market participants. We develop a model of competitive...

A substantial body of research suggests that it is difficult to account for all of the volatility of asset prices in terms of news. This paper attempts to explain the excess volatility puzzle as a consequence of competitive interaction between market participants in the presence of noisy...