related to the ownership of publicly funded research-based knowledge. Our motivation for recording this history is the … to clarify ownership of the publicness or openness of publicly funded research results when in fact such public policies … publicly funded research, be that research having occurred in federal laboratories, universities, or private …

War II. In 1940, a group of top U.S. science administrators organized a major coordinated research effort to support the … Allied war effort, including significant investments in medical research which yielded innovations like mass … appropriate R&D policy in a crisis requires going beyond the standard Nelson-Arrow framework for research policy …

War II. In 1940, a group of top U.S. science administrators organized a major coordinated research effort to support the … Allied war effort, including significant investments in medical research which yielded innovations like mass … appropriate R&D policy in a crisis requires going beyond the standard Nelson-Arrow framework for research policy …

About 20 percent of the gross investment expenditures of U.S. manufacturing firms is expenditures on research and …