Large plantations producing tropical cash crops based on hired labor represent a sharp contrast with small family farms, popularly called peasants in developing economies. The family farm is an old institution that has existed since time immemorial, but the plantation is a new institution...

Coffee tree replanting is needed in Indonesia, yet a financing scheme is not available at the moment due to its economic feasibility and farmers' reluctance to reinvest. This research aims to design contract farming for coffee tree replanting in Indonesia to support coffee farmer welfare. The...