. -- demographic transition ; female education ; fertility ; nineteenth century Prussia … factors underlying historical fertility limitation, the role of parental education has received little attention. We combine … their fertility before the demographic transition. Despite controlling for several demand and supply factors, we find a …

instrumental-variable models that instrument education by landownership inequality and distance to Wittenberg and fertility by … previous-generation fertility and sex-imbalance ratio, we find that causation between fertility and education runs both ways …. Furthermore, education in 1849 predicts the fertility transition in 1880-1905. -- schooling ; fertility transition ; unified …

instrumental-variable models that instrument education by landownership inequality and distance to Wittenberg and fertility by … previous-generation fertility and sex-imbalance ratio, we find that causation between fertility and education runs both ways …. Furthermore, education in 1849 predicts the fertility transition in 1880-1905. -- Schooling ; fertility transition ; unified …

The interaction between investment in children's education and parental fertility is crucial in recent theories of the …-quality trade-off with new county-level evidence for Prussia in 1816, several decades before the demographic transition. We find a … significant negative causal effect of education on fertility, which is robust to accounting for spatial autocorrelation. The …

Prussia, we estimate differences-in-differences models that ask whether marriage and marital fertility reacted to the …Economists have long argued that introducing social insurance will reduce fertility. The hypothesis relies on standard … classes of workers, and because fertility in Germany in this period was still relatively high. Focusing on the state of …

Prussia, we estimate differences-in-differences models that ask whether marriage and marital fertility reacted to the …Economists have long argued that introducing social insurance will reduce fertility. The hypothesis relies on standard … classes of workers, and because fertility in Germany in this period was still relatively high. Focusing on the state of …

in the 1980s to empirically examine the causal impact of women's education on fertility in rural China by difference …

factors underlying historical fertility limitation, the role of parental education has received little attention. We combine … their fertility before the demographic transition. Despite controlling for several demand and supply factors, we find a … negative residual effect of women's education on fertility. Instrumental-variable estimates, using exogenous variation in women …