special capital account in addition to a core capital requirement. The special account would accrue to a bank's shareholders … as long as the bank is solvent, but would pass to the bank's regulators — rather than its creditors — if the bank fails …

We build a model of investment and financing decisions to study the choice between bonds and bank loans in a firm …

Is bank- versus market-based financing different in its attitudes towards Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG … bank monitoring and scrutiny. The Social and Governance components, in particular, matter. Furthermore, firms suffering … higher numbers of negative ESG reputation shocks are less likely to continue to rely on bank credit in response to lenders …

Is bank- versus market-based financing different in its attitudes towards Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG … bank monitoring and scrutiny. The Social and Governance components, in particular, matter. Furthermore, firms suffering … higher numbers of negative ESG reputation shocks are less likely to continue to rely on bank credit in response to lenders …

on public debt and less on more expensive bank financing. Consistent with the hypothesis that enhanced informational … bank loans, we find active equity options trading leads firms to shift from bank loans to public bonds. The results are …

We study how the relative availability of bond and bank financing supply affects the firm's ability to borrow and to … availability of bank and bond financing: “debt inflexibility”. Debt inflexibility tilts the financial structure towards equity …

, we find the interacted effect of the main bank and R&D investment which increases with firm value, only appears in medium …