This study addresses the question of the effectiveness of private placements in mitigating the information asymmetry problem faced by IPO firms, and their impacts on issuing costs, both underpricing and underwriting spreads, of IPOs. We examine the underpricing of initial public offerings by...

Using computational linguistics, we examine whether risk factor disclosure in the offering prospectus provides unique information in the pricing of initial public offerings of bonds. Both credit ratings and initial yields are related to risks that discuss the financial condition of the firm, its...