support for local police and the criminal courts, and if the relationship varies by race or gender …

arrests or to minimize crime? In this paper, I compare models of the two police objectives to data from U.S. cities. Empirical …It is difficult to know if racial discrepancies in police stop and search data are caused by racial bias or statistical … discrimination. In part, this is due to uncertainty over the benchmark of unbiased police behavior: do officers aim to maximize …

between the racial composition of a city's police force and the racial patterns of arrests and crime. Increases in the number … police officers has a less clear-cut impact on crime rates. It appears that own-race policing may be more effective in … of minority police are associated with significant increases in arrests of whites, but have little impact on arrests of …

between the racial composition of a city's police force and the racial patterns of arrests and crime. Increases in the number … police officers has a less clear-cut impact on crime rates. It appears that own-race policing may be more effective in … of minority police are associated with significant increases in arrests of whites, but have little impact on arrests of …

More policing reduces crime but little is known about the mechanism. Does policing deter crime by reducing its … between policing and arrests. During shift changes a peculiar redeployment of police patrols belonging to separate police … that criminals exploit these dips in police performance. A back of the envelope calculation suggests that incapacitation …

police forces tasked with preventing crime. We study the 1829 formation of the London Metropolitan Police - the first … professional force worldwide. Using newly digitized and geocoded crime and police data together with difference-indifferences and …This paper evaluates the effect on crime of creating a fundamental modern-day institution: centralized professional …

An influential literature has used the aftermath of terrorist attacks to estimate large effects of police street … deployment on crime. However, the elasticities obtained in these settings may not easily extrapolate to more standard … circumstances. This paper exploits a natural experiment that aimed to increase police presence in more than 6,000 well-defined areas …