This paper is the first to empirically examine the residents' willingness to pay for on-street parking permits as well … cruising is €1.30 per day. The average residents' willingness to pay for a parking permit is €8 per day. Further, we show that … the introduction of paid parking in a neighborhood decreases house prices in this neighbourhood. …

It has been argued that urban planning policies, through minimum parking requirements, and income tax policies induce … free employer parking. We show that tax policies induce welfare losses in the order of 12% of parking resource costs …, implying an annual deadweight loss in the order of € 5 billion for Europe. In the US, due to the presence of minimum parking …

We study the employees' demand for hospital parking. We estimate the effect of the employees' parking price on demand … using a difference-in-differences methodology. The deadweight loss generated by non-optimal pricing of parking is at least 9 …% of the hospitals' parking resource costs. …

In downtown areas, what proportion of curbside should be allocated to parking? In contrast to most previous work on the … economics of parking, this paper focuses on optimal curbside parking capacity in both first-best (where pricing is efficient … parking, and then the situation where there may be both curbside and private garage parking. For each situation, it examines …