The Total Return (TR), also called “return including dividends” and “Total Index Return” provides the theoretical return of a share, assuming that dividends are re-invested to purchase additional shares.The Total Return for All Shareholders (TRAS) is the return that all the shareholders...

We calculate the shareholder returns of the companies in the Euro Stoxx 50 in the period 2004 - April 2020. We analyze 62 companies: 47 that were in the Euro Stoxx 50 in April 2020 and had trading records since December 2004 and 15 companies that had been in the Euro Stoxx 50 in the period. In...

The all-shareholder return is the return that all the shareholders of a company had in a period. It is equal to the hypothetical return of a unique shareholder of the company. It is also the return of a shareholder that always had a constant proportion (ie. 0,2%) of the shares.The all-period...

I review 150 textbooks on corporate finance and valuation published between 1979 and 2009 by authors such as Brealey, Myers, Copeland, Damodaran, Merton, Ross, Bruner, Bodie, Penman, Arzac… and find that their recommendations regarding the equity premium range from 3% to 10%, and that 51 books...

This paper contains the statistics of a survey about the Risk-Free Rate (RF) and the Market Risk Premium (MRP) used in 2020 for 81 countries. We got answers for 87 countries, but we only report the results for 81 countries with more than 6 answers.Many respondents use for European countries a RF...

We derive and present the formula for optimal debt under the assumption that tax shields are discounted at the cost of levered equity, Ke and cash flows are on perpetuity. The formulation is consistent and is derived from basic financial principles. This formulation is valid for non-growing...

This paper presents a formal derivation of general expressions for Ke and WACC in perpetuities with constant growth, which do not make any assumption on what the proper discount rate is to be applied to the firm's tax shield, and are complemented with numerical examples of its application....

“Postmodern” corporate finance builds on the principles of modern corporate finance while restoring at least part of the emphasis on top-line growth that prevailed before the intense emphasis on returns on capital brought on by the ongoing shareholder value movement. The vast majority of...

There are methods to match value added approaches (Residual Income Method, RIM and Economic Value Added, EVA) with discounted cash flow methods, DCF. In this note we use a real life case from an emerging country to illustrate the matching, with complexities such as unpaid taxes, losses carried...