There are various valuation methodologies applicable to both the financial evaluation of projects as to the valuation of companies. First, have developed methods of Discounted Cash Flows (DCF), which allow discounting, or bring to present value, a series of projected future cash flows over time....

This paper presents three different approaches for calculating the levered annual values for a finite cash flow profile. In the first approach, we use K_U, the return to unlevered equity to calculate the annual tax savings and use K_U to calculate the (present) value of the tax savings. In the...

The paper discusses common mistakes made by financial profession when valuating cash flows by applying inconsistent weighted average discount rates to cash flows to equity, to unlevered firm, to levered firm or other complex cash flows not regarding their type (constant or growing perpetuities,...

I identify three sources of risk for the tax shields: two of them associated to the risk of debt and one associated to the operating risk. I present a set of conditions for defining risky debt associated to cash flow and not to accounting earnings. I explain why realization of tax shields for...

This article (1) identifies three sources of risk for tax shields (TS): Two of them are associated with debt risk and one is associated with operating risk. (2) A set of conditions for defining risky debt associated with cash flow, not with earnings, is presented. (3) It further shows that...

In this paper, we define and analyze shareholder value creation. To help us understand this concept better, we use the example of two listed companies, General Electric and Microsoft, between 1992 and 2003. To obtain the created shareholder value, we first define the increase of equity market...

This paper contains 100 questions that students, alumni and other persons (judges, arbitrageurs, clients¿) have posed to me over the past years. They were recompiled so as to help the reader remember, clarify and, in some cases, discuss some useful concepts in finance. Most of the questions...